spike: Working on abstractions, Topology, Score, Capability, Maestro for strong type safety and nice UX/DX

examples/topology/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "example-topology"
+edition = "2024"
+version.workspace = true
+readme.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+rand.workspace = true

examples/topology/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+use std::process::Command;
+use rand::Rng; // Add rand dependency
+
+// ===== Capability Traits =====
+
+/// Base trait for all capabilities
+pub trait Capability {}
+
+/// Capability for executing shell commands on a host
+pub trait CommandCapability: Capability {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+/// Capability for interacting with a Kubernetes cluster
+pub trait KubernetesCapability: Capability {
+    fn apply_manifest(&self, manifest: &str) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn get_resource(&self, resource_type: &str, name: &str) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+// ===== Topology Traits =====
+
+/// Base trait for all topologies
+pub trait Topology {
+    // Base topology methods that don't depend on capabilities
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+// ===== Score Traits =====
+
+/// Generic Score trait with an associated Capability type
+pub trait Score<T: Topology> {
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+// ===== Concrete Topologies =====
+
+/// A topology representing a Linux host
+pub struct LinuxHostTopology {
+    name: String,
+    host: String,
+}
+
+// Implement the base Capability trait for LinuxHostTopology
+impl Capability for LinuxHostTopology {}
+
+impl LinuxHostTopology {
+    pub fn new(name: String, host: String) -> Self {
+        Self { name, host }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Topology for LinuxHostTopology {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandCapability for LinuxHostTopology {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+        println!("Executing on {}: {} {:?}", self.host, command, args);
+        // In a real implementation, this would SSH to the host and execute the command
+        let output = Command::new(command)
+            .args(args)
+            .output()
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        
+        if output.status.success() {
+            Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string())
+        } else {
+            Err(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).to_string())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A topology representing a K3D Kubernetes cluster
+pub struct K3DTopology {
+    name: String,
+    linux_host: LinuxHostTopology,
+    cluster_name: String,
+}
+
+// Implement the base Capability trait for K3DTopology
+impl Capability for K3DTopology {}
+
+impl K3DTopology {
+    pub fn new(name: String, linux_host: LinuxHostTopology, cluster_name: String) -> Self {
+        Self { 
+            name,
+            linux_host,
+            cluster_name,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Topology for K3DTopology {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandCapability for K3DTopology {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Delegate to the underlying Linux host
+        self.linux_host.execute_command(command, args)
+    }
+}
+
+impl KubernetesCapability for K3DTopology {
+    fn apply_manifest(&self, manifest: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying manifest to K3D cluster '{}'", self.cluster_name);
+        // Write manifest to a temporary file
+        //let temp_file = format!("/tmp/manifest-{}.yaml", rand::thread_rng().gen::<u32>());
+        let temp_file = format!("/tmp/manifest-TODO_RANDOM_NUMBER.yaml");
+        
+        // Use the linux_host directly to avoid capability trait bounds
+        self.linux_host.execute_command("bash", &["-c", &format!("cat > {}", temp_file)])?;
+        
+        // Apply with kubectl
+        self.linux_host.execute_command(
+            "kubectl", 
+            &["--context", &format!("k3d-{}", self.cluster_name), "apply", "-f", &temp_file]
+        )?;
+        
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_resource(&self, resource_type: &str, name: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        println!("Getting resource {}/{} from K3D cluster '{}'", resource_type, name, self.cluster_name);
+        self.linux_host.execute_command(
+            "kubectl",
+            &[
+                "--context", 
+                &format!("k3d-{}", self.cluster_name),
+                "get",
+                resource_type,
+                name,
+                "-o",
+                "yaml",
+            ]
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Concrete Scores =====
+
+/// A score that executes commands on a topology
+pub struct CommandScore {
+    name: String,
+    command: String,
+    args: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl CommandScore {
+    pub fn new(name: String, command: String, args: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { name, command, args }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for CommandScore 
+where 
+    T: Topology + CommandCapability
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying CommandScore '{}' to topology '{}'", self.name, topology.name());
+        let args_refs: Vec<&str> = self.args.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+        topology.execute_command(&self.command, &args_refs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+/// A score that applies Kubernetes resources to a topology
+pub struct K8sResourceScore {
+    name: String,
+    manifest: String,
+}
+
+impl K8sResourceScore {
+    pub fn new(name: String, manifest: String) -> Self {
+        Self { name, manifest }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for K8sResourceScore 
+where 
+    T: Topology + KubernetesCapability
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying K8sResourceScore '{}' to topology '{}'", self.name, topology.name());
+        topology.apply_manifest(&self.manifest)
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Maestro Orchestrator =====
+
+/// Type-safe orchestrator that enforces capability requirements at compile time
+pub struct Maestro<T: Topology> {
+    topology: T,
+    scores: Vec<Box<dyn ScoreWrapper<T>>>,
+}
+
+/// A trait object wrapper that hides the specific Score type but preserves its
+/// capability requirements
+trait ScoreWrapper<T: Topology> {
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+/// Implementation of ScoreWrapper for any Score that works with topology T
+impl<T, S> ScoreWrapper<T> for S 
+where 
+    T: Topology,
+    S: Score<T> + 'static
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        <S as Score<T>>::apply(self, topology)
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        <S as Score<T>>::name(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Topology> Maestro<T> {
+    pub fn new(topology: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            topology,
+            scores: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register a score that is compatible with this topology's capabilities
+    pub fn register_score<S>(&mut self, score: S) 
+    where 
+        S: Score<T> + 'static
+    {
+        println!("Registering score '{}' for topology '{}'", score.name(), self.topology.name());
+        self.scores.push(Box::new(score));
+    }
+
+    /// Apply all registered scores to the topology
+    pub fn orchestrate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Orchestrating topology '{}'", self.topology.name());
+        for score in &self.scores {
+            score.apply(&self.topology)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Example Usage =====
+
+fn main() {
+    // Create a Linux host topology
+    let linux_host = LinuxHostTopology::new(
+        "dev-machine".to_string(),
+        "localhost".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    // Create a maestro for the Linux host
+    let mut linux_maestro = Maestro::new(linux_host);
+    
+    // Register a command score that works with any topology having CommandCapability
+    linux_maestro.register_score(CommandScore::new(
+        "check-disk".to_string(),
+        "df".to_string(),
+        vec!["-h".to_string()]
+    ));
+    
+    // This would fail to compile if we tried to register a K8sResourceScore
+    // because LinuxHostTopology doesn't implement KubernetesCapability
+    // linux_maestro.register_score(K8sResourceScore::new(...));
+    
+    // Create a K3D topology which has both Command and Kubernetes capabilities
+    let k3d_host = LinuxHostTopology::new(
+        "k3d-host".to_string(),
+        "localhost".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    let k3d_topology = K3DTopology::new(
+        "dev-cluster".to_string(),
+        k3d_host,
+        "devcluster".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    // Create a maestro for the K3D topology
+    let mut k3d_maestro = Maestro::new(k3d_topology);
+    
+    // We can register both command scores and kubernetes scores
+    k3d_maestro.register_score(CommandScore::new(
+        "check-nodes".to_string(),
+        "kubectl".to_string(),
+        vec!["get".to_string(), "nodes".to_string()]
+    ));
+    
+    k3d_maestro.register_score(K8sResourceScore::new(
+        "deploy-nginx".to_string(),
+        r#"
+        apiVersion: apps/v1
+        kind: Deployment
+        metadata:
+          name: nginx
+        spec:
+          replicas: 1
+          selector:
+            matchLabels:
+              app: nginx
+          template:
+            metadata:
+              labels:
+                app: nginx
+            spec:
+              containers:
+              - name: nginx
+                image: nginx:latest
+                ports:
+                - containerPort: 80
+        "#.to_string()
+    ));
+    
+    // Orchestrate both topologies
+    linux_maestro.orchestrate().unwrap();
+    k3d_maestro.orchestrate().unwrap();
+}

examples/topology/src/main_claudev1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+// ===== Capability Traits =====
+
+/// Base trait for all capabilities
+pub trait Capability {}
+
+/// Capability for executing shell commands on a host
+pub trait CommandCapability: Capability {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+/// Capability for interacting with a Kubernetes cluster
+pub trait KubernetesCapability: Capability {
+    fn apply_manifest(&self, manifest: &str) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn get_resource(&self, resource_type: &str, name: &str) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+// ===== Topology Traits =====
+
+/// Base trait for all topologies
+pub trait Topology {
+    // Base topology methods that don't depend on capabilities
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+// ===== Score Traits =====
+
+/// Generic Score trait with an associated Capability type
+pub trait Score<T: Topology> {
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+// ===== Concrete Topologies =====
+
+/// A topology representing a Linux host
+pub struct LinuxHostTopology {
+    name: String,
+    host: String,
+}
+
+impl LinuxHostTopology {
+    pub fn new(name: String, host: String) -> Self {
+        Self { name, host }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Topology for LinuxHostTopology {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandCapability for LinuxHostTopology {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+        println!("Executing on {}: {} {:?}", self.host, command, args);
+        // In a real implementation, this would SSH to the host and execute the command
+        let output = Command::new(command)
+            .args(args)
+            .output()
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        
+        if output.status.success() {
+            Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string())
+        } else {
+            Err(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).to_string())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A topology representing a K3D Kubernetes cluster
+pub struct K3DTopology {
+    name: String,
+    linux_host: LinuxHostTopology,
+    cluster_name: String,
+}
+
+impl K3DTopology {
+    pub fn new(name: String, linux_host: LinuxHostTopology, cluster_name: String) -> Self {
+        Self { 
+            name,
+            linux_host,
+            cluster_name,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Topology for K3DTopology {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandCapability for K3DTopology {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Delegate to the underlying Linux host
+        self.linux_host.execute_command(command, args)
+    }
+}
+
+impl KubernetesCapability for K3DTopology {
+    fn apply_manifest(&self, manifest: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying manifest to K3D cluster '{}'", self.cluster_name);
+        // Write manifest to a temporary file
+        let temp_file = format!("/tmp/manifest-{}.yaml", rand::random::<u32>());
+        self.execute_command("bash", &["-c", &format!("cat > {}", temp_file)])?;
+        
+        // Apply with kubectl
+        self.execute_command(
+            "kubectl", 
+            &["--context", &format!("k3d-{}", self.cluster_name), "apply", "-f", &temp_file]
+        )?;
+        
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_resource(&self, resource_type: &str, name: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        println!("Getting resource {}/{} from K3D cluster '{}'", resource_type, name, self.cluster_name);
+        self.execute_command(
+            "kubectl",
+            &[
+                "--context", 
+                &format!("k3d-{}", self.cluster_name),
+                "get",
+                resource_type,
+                name,
+                "-o",
+                "yaml",
+            ]
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Concrete Scores =====
+
+/// A score that executes commands on a topology
+pub struct CommandScore {
+    name: String,
+    command: String,
+    args: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl CommandScore {
+    pub fn new(name: String, command: String, args: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { name, command, args }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for CommandScore 
+where 
+    T: Topology + CommandCapability
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying CommandScore '{}' to topology '{}'", self.name, topology.name());
+        let args_refs: Vec<&str> = self.args.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+        topology.execute_command(&self.command, &args_refs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+/// A score that applies Kubernetes resources to a topology
+pub struct K8sResourceScore {
+    name: String,
+    manifest: String,
+}
+
+impl K8sResourceScore {
+    pub fn new(name: String, manifest: String) -> Self {
+        Self { name, manifest }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for K8sResourceScore 
+where 
+    T: Topology + KubernetesCapability
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Applying K8sResourceScore '{}' to topology '{}'", self.name, topology.name());
+        topology.apply_manifest(&self.manifest)
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Maestro Orchestrator =====
+
+/// Type-safe orchestrator that enforces capability requirements at compile time
+pub struct Maestro<T: Topology> {
+    topology: T,
+    scores: Vec<Box<dyn ScoreWrapper<T>>>,
+}
+
+/// A trait object wrapper that hides the specific Score type but preserves its
+/// capability requirements
+trait ScoreWrapper<T: Topology> {
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String>;
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+/// Implementation of ScoreWrapper for any Score that works with topology T
+impl<T, S> ScoreWrapper<T> for S 
+where 
+    T: Topology,
+    S: Score<T> + 'static
+{
+    fn apply(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
+        <S as Score<T>>::apply(self, topology)
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        <S as Score<T>>::name(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Topology> Maestro<T> {
+    pub fn new(topology: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            topology,
+            scores: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register a score that is compatible with this topology's capabilities
+    pub fn register_score<S>(&mut self, score: S) 
+    where 
+        S: Score<T> + 'static
+    {
+        println!("Registering score '{}' for topology '{}'", score.name(), self.topology.name());
+        self.scores.push(Box::new(score));
+    }
+
+    /// Apply all registered scores to the topology
+    pub fn orchestrate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        println!("Orchestrating topology '{}'", self.topology.name());
+        for score in &self.scores {
+            score.apply(&self.topology)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== Example Usage =====
+
+fn main() {
+    // Create a Linux host topology
+    let linux_host = LinuxHostTopology::new(
+        "dev-machine".to_string(),
+        "localhost".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    // Create a maestro for the Linux host
+    let mut linux_maestro = Maestro::new(linux_host);
+    
+    // Register a command score that works with any topology having CommandCapability
+    linux_maestro.register_score(CommandScore::new(
+        "check-disk".to_string(),
+        "df".to_string(),
+        vec!["-h".to_string()]
+    ));
+    
+    // This would fail to compile if we tried to register a K8sResourceScore
+    // because LinuxHostTopology doesn't implement KubernetesCapability
+    // linux_maestro.register_score(K8sResourceScore::new(...));
+    
+    // Create a K3D topology which has both Command and Kubernetes capabilities
+    let k3d_host = LinuxHostTopology::new(
+        "k3d-host".to_string(),
+        "localhost".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    let k3d_topology = K3DTopology::new(
+        "dev-cluster".to_string(),
+        k3d_host,
+        "devcluster".to_string()
+    );
+    
+    // Create a maestro for the K3D topology
+    let mut k3d_maestro = Maestro::new(k3d_topology);
+    
+    // We can register both command scores and kubernetes scores
+    k3d_maestro.register_score(CommandScore::new(
+        "check-nodes".to_string(),
+        "kubectl".to_string(),
+        vec!["get".to_string(), "nodes".to_string()]
+    ));
+    
+    k3d_maestro.register_score(K8sResourceScore::new(
+        "deploy-nginx".to_string(),
+        r#"
+        apiVersion: apps/v1
+        kind: Deployment
+        metadata:
+          name: nginx
+        spec:
+          replicas: 1
+          selector:
+            matchLabels:
+              app: nginx
+          template:
+            metadata:
+              labels:
+                app: nginx
+            spec:
+              containers:
+              - name: nginx
+                image: nginx:latest
+                ports:
+                - containerPort: 80
+        "#.to_string()
+    ));
+    
+    // Orchestrate both topologies
+    linux_maestro.orchestrate().unwrap();
+    k3d_maestro.orchestrate().unwrap();
+}

examples/topology/src/main_right.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+// Capability Trait Hierarchy
+pub trait Capability {}
+
+// Specific Capability Traits
+pub trait ShellAccess: Capability {}
+pub trait ContainerRuntime: Capability {}
+pub trait KubernetesAccess: Capability {}
+pub trait FileSystemAccess: Capability {}
+
+// Topology Trait - Defines the core interface for infrastructure topologies
+pub trait Topology {
+    type Capabilities: Capability;
+    
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+}
+
+// Score Trait - Defines the core interface for infrastructure transformation
+pub trait Score {
+    type RequiredCapabilities: Capability;
+    type OutputTopology: Topology;
+
+    fn apply<T: Topology>(&self, topology: T) -> Result<Self::OutputTopology, String>;
+}
+
+// Linux Host Topology
+pub struct LinuxHostTopology;
+
+impl Topology for LinuxHostTopology {
+    type Capabilities = dyn ShellAccess + FileSystemAccess;
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Linux Host"
+    }
+}
+
+impl ShellAccess for LinuxHostTopology {}
+impl FileSystemAccess for LinuxHostTopology {}
+
+// K3D Topology
+pub struct K3DTopology;
+
+impl Topology for K3DTopology {
+    type Capabilities = dyn ContainerRuntime + KubernetesAccess + ShellAccess;
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "K3D Kubernetes Cluster"
+    }
+}
+
+impl ContainerRuntime for K3DTopology {}
+impl KubernetesAccess for K3DTopology {}
+impl ShellAccess for K3DTopology {}
+
+// Command Score - A score that requires shell access
+pub struct CommandScore {
+    command: String,
+}
+
+impl Score for CommandScore {
+    type RequiredCapabilities = dyn ShellAccess;
+    type OutputTopology = LinuxHostTopology;
+
+    fn apply<T: Topology>(&self, _topology: T) -> Result<Self::OutputTopology, String> 
+    where 
+        T: ShellAccess 
+    {
+        // Simulate command execution
+        println!("Executing command: {}", self.command);
+        Ok(LinuxHostTopology)
+    }
+}
+
+// Kubernetes Resource Score
+pub struct K8sResourceScore {
+    resource_definition: String,
+}
+
+impl Score for K8sResourceScore {
+    type RequiredCapabilities = dyn KubernetesAccess;
+    type OutputTopology = K3DTopology;
+
+    fn apply<T: Topology>(&self, _topology: T) -> Result<Self::OutputTopology, String> 
+    where 
+        T: dyn KubernetesAccess 
+    {
+        // Simulate Kubernetes resource application
+        println!("Applying K8s resource: {}", self.resource_definition);
+        Ok(K3DTopology)
+    }
+}
+
+// Maestro - The orchestration coordinator
+pub struct Maestro;
+
+impl Maestro {
+    // Type-safe score application
+    pub fn apply_score<T, S>(topology: T, score: S) -> Result<S::OutputTopology, String>
+    where 
+        T: Topology,
+        S: Score,
+        T: S::RequiredCapabilities
+    {
+        score.apply(topology)
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // Example usage demonstrating type-driven design
+    let linux_host = LinuxHostTopology;
+    let k3d_cluster = K3DTopology;
+
+    // Command score on Linux host
+    let command_score = CommandScore {
+        command: "echo 'Hello, World!'".to_string(),
+    };
+
+    let result = Maestro::apply_score(linux_host, command_score)
+        .expect("Command score application failed");
+
+    // K8s resource score on K3D cluster
+    let k8s_score = K8sResourceScore {
+        resource_definition: "apiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\n...".to_string(),
+    };
+
+    let k8s_result = Maestro::apply_score(k3d_cluster, k8s_score)
+        .expect("K8s resource score application failed");
+}

examples/topology/src/main_v1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+mod main_right;
+mod main_claude;
+// Capability Traits
+
+trait Capability {}
+
+trait LinuxOperations: Capability {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+trait KubernetesOperations: Capability {
+    fn create_resource(&self, resource: &str) -> Result<String, String>;
+    fn delete_resource(&self, resource: &str) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+// Topology Implementations
+
+struct LinuxHostTopology;
+
+impl LinuxOperations for LinuxHostTopology {
+    fn execute_command(&self, command: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Implementation for executing commands on a Linux host
+        Ok(format!("Executed command: {}", command))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Capability for LinuxHostTopology {}
+
+struct K3DTopology;
+
+impl KubernetesOperations for K3DTopology {
+    fn create_resource(&self, resource: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Implementation for creating Kubernetes resources in K3D
+        Ok(format!("Created resource: {}", resource))
+    }
+
+    fn delete_resource(&self, resource: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Implementation for deleting Kubernetes resources in K3D
+        Ok(format!("Deleted resource: {}", resource))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Capability for K3DTopology {}
+
+// Score Implementations
+
+struct K8sResourceScore {
+    resource: String,
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for K8sResourceScore
+where
+    T: KubernetesOperations,
+{
+    fn execute(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<String, String> {
+        topology.create_resource(&self.resource)
+    }
+}
+
+struct CommandScore {
+    command: String,
+}
+
+impl<T> Score<T> for CommandScore
+where
+    T: LinuxOperations + 'static,
+{
+    fn execute(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<String, String> {
+        topology.execute_command(&self.command)
+    }
+}
+
+// Score Trait
+
+trait Score<T>
+where
+    T: Capability + 'static,
+{
+    fn execute(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<String, String>;
+}
+
+// Maestro Implementation
+
+struct Maestro {
+    scores: Vec<Box<dyn Score<Box<dyn Capability>>>>,
+}
+
+impl Maestro {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Maestro { scores: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    fn register_score<T>(&mut self, score: Box<T>)
+    where
+        T: Score<Box<dyn Capability>> + 'static,
+    {
+        self.scores.push(Box::new(score));
+    }
+
+    fn execute_scores<T>(&self, topology: &T) -> Result<Vec<String>, String>
+    where
+        T: Capability + 'static,
+    {
+        let mut results = Vec::new();
+        for score in &self.scores {
+            if let Some(score) = score.as_any().downcast_ref::<Box<dyn Score<T>>>() {
+                results.push(score.execute(topology)?);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(results)
+    }
+}
+
+// Helper trait for downcasting
+
+trait AsAny {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any;
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> AsAny for T {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+// Main Function
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut maestro = Maestro::new();
+
+    let k8s_score = K8sResourceScore {
+        resource: "deployment.yaml".to_string(),
+    };
+    maestro.register_score(k8s_score);
+
+    let command_score = CommandScore {
+        command: "ls -l".to_string(),
+    };
+    maestro.register_score(command_score);
+
+    let linux_topology = LinuxHostTopology;
+    let k3d_topology = K3DTopology;
+
+    let linux_results = maestro.execute_scores(&linux_topology).unwrap();
+    println!("Linux Topology Results:");
+    for result in linux_results {
+        println!("{}", result);
+    }
+
+    let k3d_results = maestro.execute_scores(&k3d_topology).unwrap();
+    println!("K3D Topology Results:");
+    for result in k3d_results {
+        println!("{}", result);
+    }
+}